As Halliday & Matthiessen (1999: 14-5, 145) point
out, instantiation can be construed as an attributive
relational process; that is, one that construes a relation of class
membership. More specifically, instantiation
relates a token to a type: an entity to category. So, in this biological example, it relates a
specific organism — the token, or instance
— to a biological type: the
taxonomic classification Boa constrictor.
From this example, we can generalise a biological cline
of instantiation, along the following lines…
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